India Begins Historic Census Amid Caste Data Debate.

India has launched what is set to become the world’s largest national census, aiming to count over 1.4 billion people. Originally delayed due to the COVID‑19 pandemic, the census now rolls out with millions of enumerators across the country.

The updated population figures are crucial for government planning, resource allocation, and infrastructure development. However, the census has sparked controversy as it will include detailed caste information for the first time in nearly a century.

Proponents say caste data is vital for targeted social programs and affirmative action, while critics warn it may intensify social divisions.

The census will unfold in phases over the next year, beginning with basic household data and later collecting detailed personal and social information, including caste and community statistics.

Officials describe the exercise as a massive logistical effort, with global attention on how India manages its diverse population.

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