Cell properties and functions notes pdf

The  Cell is composed of protoplasm which can be divided into two parts: the cytoplasm and nucleus. Each cell (plant or animal) is bounded by a thin membrane.

The cytoplasm is a fluid material that consists of cytoplasmic organelles or properties such as Endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, vacuoles, Golgi Bodies, Lysosome etc.

The nucleus is bounded by a nuclear membrane and it consists of chromosomes (chromatin granule) and nucleoles.

Cell Properties and their functions:

1. Nucleus: 

* it controls all life activities of the cell.

* It stores hereditary information as it contains DNA inside chromosomes which take part in a cell.

2. Chromosome:

* It contains cell DNA which stores genetic traits.

3. Vacuole:

* It contains cell sap which act as an osmoregulator by helping to remove excess water in a cell.

 

4. Mitochondria: 

* It is describe as the power-house of the cell. They are sites of respiration or where energy is released from simple sugar.

5. Nucleolus:

* It produces the Ribosome for protein synthesis.

6. Endoplasmic reticulum: 

* It aids the transport of materials within the cytoplasm.

7. Chloroplasts: 

* They contain chlorophyll which aid photosynthesis in green plant.

8. Lysosomes: 

* They are sites for respiratory enzymes.

9. Golgi Bodies:

* It functions in synthesis, packaging and distribution of materials.

10. Cell membrane:

* It serves as a great role in selective absorption of materials.

* It also protects the cell.

11. Ribosomes:

* They responsible for protein synthesis.

12. Cell wall: 

* It provides protection, shape and mechanical support for the cell.

* It also allows free passage of nutrients in and out of the cell.

13. Centrioles:

* They are important in cell division. They may also serve as basal body from which flagella or cilia arise.

14. Starch granules: 

* They store starch for the cell.

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